Helicobácter pylori como agente etiológico de gastritis en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica

A fines de la década de los años 80 pro primera vez me interioricé a cerca de un microorganismo productor de patología digestiva alta llamada Helicobacter pylori. Este hallazgo despertó en el mundo un gran interés y múltiples fueron y son las publicaciones al respecto, es que quizás nadie había pensado en que una bacteria pudiera ser el agente etiológico de esta enfermedad digestiva. Así determinó mi inquietud acerca de que asociación podíamos tener en nuestra población de pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica, dado la elevada frecuencia de gastritis en los mismo. Este hecho motivó en el año 1992 los primeros pasos en la búsqueda de Helicobacter pylori en este grupo poblacional. Posterior a estos primeros hallazgos y luego de comentarlo con quienes fueron mis asesores y director en esta tesis comencé a desarrollarla.Fil: Novoa, Pablo Antonio. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Argentin

Helicobácter pylori como agente etiológico de gastritis en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica

A fines de la década de los años 80 pro primera vez me interioricé a cerca de un microorganismo productor de patología digestiva alta llamada Helicobacter pylori. Este hallazgo despertó en el mundo un gran interés y múltiples fueron y son las publicaciones al respecto, es que quizás nadie había pensado en que una bacteria pudiera ser el agente etiológico de esta enfermedad digestiva. Así determinó mi inquietud acerca de que asociación podíamos tener en nuestra población de pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica, dado la elevada frecuencia de gastritis en los mismo. Este hecho motivó en el año 1992 los primeros pasos en la búsqueda de Helicobacter pylori en este grupo poblacional. Posterior a estos primeros hallazgos y luego de comentarlo con quienes fueron mis asesores y director en esta tesis comencé a desarrollarla.Fil: Novoa, Pablo Antonio. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Argentin

Zebra Fish Lacking Adaptive Immunity Acquire an Antiviral Alert State Characterized by Upregulated Gene Expression of Apoptosis, Multigene Families, and Interferon-Related Genes

16 páginas, 5 figuras, 4 tablas.-- Pablo García-Valtanen et al.--This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)To investigate fish innate immunity, we have conducted organ and cell immune-related transcriptomic as well as immunohistologic analysis in mutant zebra fish (Danio rerio) lacking adaptive immunity (rag1−/−) at different developmental stages (egg, larvae, and adult), before and after infection with spring viremia carp virus (SVCV). The results revealed that, compared to immunocompetent zebra fish (rag1+/+), rag1−/− acquired increased resistance to SVCV with age, correlating with elevated transcript levels of immune genes in skin/fins and lymphoid organs (head kidney and spleen). Gene sets corresponding to apoptotic functions, immune-related multigene families, and interferon-related genes were constitutively upregulated in uninfected adult rag1−/− zebra fish. Overexpression of activated CASPASE-3 in different tissues before and after infection with SVCV further confirmed increased apoptotic function in rag1−/− zebra fish. Concurrently, staining of different tissue samples with a pan-leukocyte antibody marker showed abundant leukocyte infiltrations in SVCV-infected rag1−/− fish, coinciding with increased transcript expression of genes related to NK-cells and macrophages, suggesting that these genes played a key role in the enhanced immune response of rag1−/− zebra fish to SVCV lethal infection. Overall, we present evidence that indicates that rag1−/− zebra fish acquire an antiviral alert state while they reach adulthood in the absence of adaptive immunity. This antiviral state was characterized by (i) a more rapid response to viral infection, which resulted in increased survival, (ii) the involvement of NK-cell- and macrophage-mediated transcript responses rather than B- and/or T-cell dependent cells, and (iii) enhanced apoptosis, described here for the first time, as well as the similar modulation of multigene family/ interferon-related genes previously associated to fish that survived lethal viral infections. From this and other studies, it might be concluded that some of the characteristics of mammalian trained immunity are present in lower vertebratesThis work was supported by INIA project RTA2013-00008-00-00, CICYT project AGL2014-51773-C3, AGL2014-53190 REDC, BIO2011- 23400, and BIO2014-52655-R of the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain.Peer reviewe

High-Throughput Sequence Analysis of Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) Transcriptome Using 454-Pyrosequencing for the Discovery of Antiviral Immune Genes

Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) is an important aquacultural resource both in Europe and Asia. However, there is little information on gene sequences available in public databases. Currently, one of the main problems affecting the culture of this flatfish is mortality due to several pathogens, especially viral diseases which are not treatable. In order to identify new genes involved in immune defense, we conducted 454-pyrosequencing of the turbot transcriptome after different immune stimulations

Análisis de precios hedónicos de la palta (Persea americana) variedad Hass: el efecto de la palta peruana sobre el precio en el mercado nacional chileno

46 p.Esta investigación tiene como objetivo identificar y analizar las principales variables que impactan el precio de comercialización de la palta Hass en el mercado interno chileno mediante el método de precios hedónicos. Mediante esta investigación se evaluó si la palta Hass peruana se presenta como una competidora frente a la palta Hass nacional. Finalmente, se analizó cualitativamente los factores de calidad que puedan afectar la comercialización de la palta Hass chilena en presencia de la palta Hass peruana en el mismo mercado. Para la creación de la función hedónica, se utilizó series de tiempo del periodo 2016 a 2021 obtenidas de boletines de fruta fresca de ODEPA. Se recolectaron 5.352 datos de transacciones con sus respectivas calidades, orígenes, volumen, lugar de comercialización, unidad de comercialización y año de comercialización. Los datos indican que los atributos de calidad, origen de la producción y unidad de comercialización son los más influyentes en el precio de mercado. El análisis de factores de calidad muestra que existe una diferencia de calidad entre la palta Hass chilena y la peruana. La palta chilena tiene un mayor contenido de aceite lo cual promueve su comercialización por sobre la palta peruana. // ABSTRACT: The objective of this research is to identify and to analyze the main variables that impact the marketing price of Hass avocado in the Chilean domestic market. We use a hedonic price regression to evaluate if the Peruvian Hass avocado is a competitor for the Chilean Hass avocado. Finally, the quality factors that may affect the commercialization of Chilean Hass avocado in the presence of Peruvian Hass avocado in the same market will be analyzed qualitatively. For the design of the hedonic function, time series from the period 2016 to 2021 obtained from ODEPA's fresh fruit bulletins were used. A sample of 5,352 selling instances were collected with their respective qualities, origins, volume, place of sale, unit of sale and year of sale. The data indicate that the attributes of quality, production origin and marketing unit are the most influential in the market price. The analysis of quality factors shows that there is a difference in quality between Chilean and Peruvian Hass avocado. The Chilean avocado has a higher oil content which promotes its commercialization over the Peruvian avocado

Exigencias analiticas de vinos exportacion en relacion a la seguridad alimentaria

56 p.El objetivo general de este trabajo es analizar los limites de contaminantes exigidos a los vinos en el mercado, por los principales mercados importadores de vino chileno, en relación con: metales pesados y ocratoxina A. Como objetivos específicos se busca: a) Identificar los principales mercados importadores del vino chileno, b) Identificar, tanto, a nivel mundial como nacional, los organismos, que fijan las pautas sobre las exigencias analíticas de los vinos y c) Comparar las exigencias chilenas con las internacionales, en relación a los limites de estos contaminantes con los exigidos en Chile. Para este efecto, lo primero fue obtener los países importadores de vino chileno, los cuales fueron seleccionados por criterios de valor FOB (US$) y evolución de las exportaciones, con estos mercados definidos y los organismos internacionales, se consiguieron los limites para cada uno de los contaminantes estudiados y fueron comparados con los limites nacionales. Los resultados demostraron: a) Los principales mercados de exportación son la Unión Europea (51.45%) y Estados Unidos (16.71%). b) El organismo mas importante es la Organización Internacional de la Viña y el Vino (OIV), ya que sirve de guía a los países para fijar sus limites. El organismo nacional es el Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero (SAG) c) El País que posee las mayores exigencias a estos contaminantes es Japón

Altered surface expression of insulin-degrading enzyme on monocytes and lymphocytes from COVID-19 patients both at diagnosis and after hospital discharge

Although the COVID-19 disease has developed into a worldwide pandemic, its pathophysiology remains to be fully understood. Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), a zinc-metalloprotease with a high affinity for insulin, has been found in the interactomes of multiple SARS-CoV-2 proteins. However, the relevance of IDE in the innate and adaptative immune responses elicited by circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells is unknown. Here, we show that IDE is highly expressed on the surface of circulating monocytes, T-cells (both CD4+ and CD4−), and, to a lower extent, in B-cells from healthy controls. Notably, IDE’s surface expression was upregulated on monocytes from COVID-19 patients at diagnosis, and it was increased in more severe patients. However, IDE’s surface expression was downregulated (relative to healthy controls) 3 months after hospital discharge in all the studied immune subsets, with this effect being more pronounced in males than in females, and thus it was sex-dependent. Additionally, IDE levels in monocytes, CD4+ T-cells, and CD4− T-cells were inversely correlated with circulating insulin levels in COVID-19 patients (both at diagnosis and after hospital discharge). Of note, high glucose and insulin levels downregulated IDE surface expression by ~30% in the monocytes isolated from healthy donors, without affecting its expression in CD4+ T-cells and CD4− T-cells. In conclusion, our studies reveal the sex- and metabolism-dependent regulation of IDE in monocytes, suggesting that its regulation might be important for the recruitment of immune cells to the site of infection, as well as for glucometabolic control, in COVID-19 patients.This work was funded by the European Commission–NextGenerationEU (Regulation EU 2020/2094), through CSIC’s Global Health Platform (PTI Salud Global) and Junta de Castilla y León (Proyectos COVID 07.04.467B04.74011.0) to D.B. The project leading to these results had received funding from the “La Caixa” Foundation under agreement LCF/PR/PR18/51130007 to G.P. and grant PID2019-110496RB-C22 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 to G.P. This research was funded by the Programa Estratégico Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Junta de León and the European Social Fund (ORDER EDU/574/2018)

Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of the Blue Mussel Mytilus chilensis Reveals Molecular Signatures Facing the Marine Environment

The blue mussel Mytilus chilensis is an endemic and key socioeconomic species inhabiting the southern coast of Chile. This bivalve species supports a booming aquaculture industry, which entirely relies on artificially collected seeds from natural beds that are translocated to diverse physical–chemical ocean farming conditions. Furthermore, mussel production is threatened by a broad range of microorganisms, pollution, and environmental stressors that eventually impact its survival and growth. Herein, understanding the genomic basis of the local adaption is pivotal to developing sustainable shellfish aquaculture. We present a high-quality reference genome of M. chilensis, which is the first chromosome-level genome for a Mytilidae member in South America. The assembled genome size was 1.93 Gb, with a contig N50 of 134 Mb. Through Hi-C proximity ligation, 11,868 contigs were clustered, ordered, and assembled into 14 chromosomes in congruence with the karyological evidence. The M. chilensis genome comprises 34,530 genes and 4795 non-coding RNAs. A total of 57% of the genome contains repetitive sequences with predominancy of LTR-retrotransposons and unknown elements. Comparative genome analysis of M. chilensis and M. coruscus was conducted, revealing genic rearrangements distributed into the whole genome. Notably, transposable Steamer-like elements associated with horizontal transmissible cancer were explored in reference genomes, suggesting putative relationships at the chromosome level in Bivalvia. Genome expression analysis was also conducted, showing putative genomic differences between two ecologically different mussel populations. The evidence suggests that local genome adaptation and physiological plasticity can be analyzed to develop sustainable mussel production. The genome of M. chilensis provides pivotal molecular knowledge for the Mytilus complex